Lombok 快速入门

Lombok 快速入门

Lombok 简介

Lombok 是一种 Java 实用工具,可用来帮助开发人员消除 Java 的冗长,尤其是对于简单的 Java 对象(POJO)。它通过注释实现这一目的。通过在开发环境中实现 Lombok,开发人员可以节省构建诸如 hashCode()equals()getter / setter 这样的方法以及以往用来分类各种 accessor 和 mutator 的大量时间。

Lombok 安装

由于 Lombok 仅在编译阶段生成代码,所以使用 Lombok 注解的源代码,在 IDE 中会被高亮显示错误,针对这个问题可以通过安装 IDE 对应的插件来解决。具体的安装方式可以参考:Setting up Lombok with Eclipse and Intellij

使 IntelliJ IDEA 支持 Lombok 方式如下:

  • Intellij 设置支持注解处理
    • 点击 File > Settings > Build > Annotation Processors
    • 勾选 Enable annotation processing
  • 安装插件
    • 点击 Settings > Plugins > Browse repositories
    • 查找 Lombok Plugin 并进行安装
    • 重启 IntelliJ IDEA
  • 将 lombok 添加到 pom 文件
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<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.16.8</version>
</dependency>

Lombok 使用

Lombok 提供注解 API 来修饰指定的类:

@Getter and @Setter

@Getter and @Setter Lombok 代码:

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@Getter @Setter private boolean employed = true;
@Setter(AccessLevel.PROTECTED) private String name;

等价于 Java 源码:

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private boolean employed = true;
private String name;

public boolean isEmployed() {
return employed;
}

public void setEmployed(final boolean employed) {
this.employed = employed;
}

protected void setName(final String name) {
this.name = name;
}

@NonNull

@NonNull Lombok 代码:

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@Getter @Setter @NonNull
private List<Person> members;

等价于 Java 源码:

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@NonNull
private List<Person> members;

public Family(@NonNull final List<Person> members) {
if (members == null) throw new java.lang.NullPointerException("members");
this.members = members;
}

@NonNull
public List<Person> getMembers() {
return members;
}

public void setMembers(@NonNull final List<Person> members) {
if (members == null) throw new java.lang.NullPointerException("members");
this.members = members;
}

@ToString

@ToString Lombok 代码:

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@ToString(callSuper=true,exclude="someExcludedField")
public class Foo extends Bar {
private boolean someBoolean = true;
private String someStringField;
private float someExcludedField;
}

等价于 Java 源码:

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public class Foo extends Bar {
private boolean someBoolean = true;
private String someStringField;
private float someExcludedField;

@java.lang.Override
public java.lang.String toString() {
return "Foo(super=" + super.toString() +
", someBoolean=" + someBoolean +
", someStringField=" + someStringField + ")";
}
}

@EqualsAndHashCode

@EqualsAndHashCode Lombok 代码:

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@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper=true,exclude={"address","city","state","zip"})
public class Person extends SentientBeing {
enum Gender { Male, Female }

@NonNull private String name;
@NonNull private Gender gender;

private String ssn;
private String address;
private String city;
private String state;
private String zip;
}

等价于 Java 源码:

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public class Person extends SentientBeing {

enum Gender {
/*public static final*/ Male /* = new Gender() */,
/*public static final*/ Female /* = new Gender() */;
}
@NonNull
private String name;
@NonNull
private Gender gender;
private String ssn;
private String address;
private String city;
private String state;
private String zip;

@java.lang.Override
public boolean equals(final java.lang.Object o) {
if (o == this) return true;
if (o == null) return false;
if (o.getClass() != this.getClass()) return false;
if (!super.equals(o)) return false;
final Person other = (Person)o;
if (this.name == null ? other.name != null : !this.name.equals(other.name)) return false;
if (this.gender == null ? other.gender != null : !this.gender.equals(other.gender)) return false;
if (this.ssn == null ? other.ssn != null : !this.ssn.equals(other.ssn)) return false;
return true;
}

@java.lang.Override
public int hashCode() {
final int PRIME = 31;
int result = 1;
result = result * PRIME + super.hashCode();
result = result * PRIME + (this.name == null ? 0 : this.name.hashCode());
result = result * PRIME + (this.gender == null ? 0 : this.gender.hashCode());
result = result * PRIME + (this.ssn == null ? 0 : this.ssn.hashCode());
return result;
}
}

@Data

@Data Lombok 代码:

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@Data(staticConstructor="of")
public class Company {
private final Person founder;
private String name;
private List<Person> employees;
}

等价于 Java 源码:

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public class Company {
private final Person founder;
private String name;
private List<Person> employees;

private Company(final Person founder) {
this.founder = founder;
}

public static Company of(final Person founder) {
return new Company(founder);
}

public Person getFounder() {
return founder;
}

public String getName() {
return name;
}

public void setName(final String name) {
this.name = name;
}

public List<Person> getEmployees() {
return employees;
}

public void setEmployees(final List<Person> employees) {
this.employees = employees;
}

@java.lang.Override
public boolean equals(final java.lang.Object o) {
if (o == this) return true;
if (o == null) return false;
if (o.getClass() != this.getClass()) return false;
final Company other = (Company)o;
if (this.founder == null ? other.founder != null : !this.founder.equals(other.founder)) return false;
if (this.name == null ? other.name != null : !this.name.equals(other.name)) return false;
if (this.employees == null ? other.employees != null : !this.employees.equals(other.employees)) return false;
return true;
}

@java.lang.Override
public int hashCode() {
final int PRIME = 31;
int result = 1;
result = result * PRIME + (this.founder == null ? 0 : this.founder.hashCode());
result = result * PRIME + (this.name == null ? 0 : this.name.hashCode());
result = result * PRIME + (this.employees == null ? 0 : this.employees.hashCode());
return result;
}

@java.lang.Override
public java.lang.String toString() {
return "Company(founder=" + founder + ", name=" + name + ", employees=" + employees + ")";
}
}

@Cleanup

@Cleanup Lombok 代码:

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public void testCleanUp() {
try {
@Cleanup ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
baos.write(new byte[] {'Y','e','s'});
System.out.println(baos.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

等价于 Java 源码:

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public void testCleanUp() {
try {
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
try {
baos.write(new byte[]{'Y', 'e', 's'});
System.out.println(baos.toString());
} finally {
baos.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

@Synchronized

@Synchronized Lombok 代码:

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private DateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("MM-dd-YYYY");

@Synchronized
public String synchronizedFormat(Date date) {
return format.format(date);
}

等价于 Java 源码:

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private final java.lang.Object $lock = new java.lang.Object[0];
private DateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("MM-dd-YYYY");

public String synchronizedFormat(Date date) {
synchronized ($lock) {
return format.format(date);
}
}

@SneakyThrows

@SneakyThrows Lombok 代码:

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@SneakyThrows
public void testSneakyThrows() {
throw new IllegalAccessException();
}

等价于 Java 源码:

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public void testSneakyThrows() {
try {
throw new IllegalAccessException();
} catch (java.lang.Throwable $ex) {
throw lombok.Lombok.sneakyThrow($ex);
}
}

示例源码

示例源码:javalib-bean

Lombok 使用注意点

谨慎使用 @Builder

在类上标注了 @Data@Builder 注解的时候,编译时,lombok 优化后的 Class 中会没有默认的构造方法。在反序列化的时候,没有默认构造方法就可能会报错。

【示例】使用 @Builder 不当导致 json 反序列化失败

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@Data
@Builder
public class BuilderDemo01 {

private String name;

public static void main(String[] args) throws JsonProcessingException {
BuilderDemo01 demo01 = BuilderDemo01.builder().name("demo01").build();
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(demo01);
BuilderDemo01 expectDemo01 = mapper.readValue(json, BuilderDemo01.class);
System.out.println(expectDemo01.toString());
}

}

运行时会抛出异常:

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Exception in thread "main" com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.exc.MismatchedInputException: Cannot construct instance of `io.github.dunwu.javatech.bean.lombok.BuilderDemo01` (although at least one Creator exists): cannot deserialize from Object value (no delegate- or property-based Creator)
at [Source: (String)"{"name":"demo01"}"; line: 1, column: 2]
at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.exc.MismatchedInputException.from(MismatchedInputException.java:63)
at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationContext.reportInputMismatch(DeserializationContext.java:1432)
at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationContext.handleMissingInstantiator(DeserializationContext.java:1062)
at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.deser.BeanDeserializerBase.deserializeFromObjectUsingNonDefault(BeanDeserializerBase.java:1297)
at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.deser.BeanDeserializer.deserializeFromObject(BeanDeserializer.java:326)
at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.deser.BeanDeserializer.deserialize(BeanDeserializer.java:159)
at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper._readMapAndClose(ObjectMapper.java:4218)
at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper.readValue(ObjectMapper.java:3214)
at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper.readValue(ObjectMapper.java:3182)
at io.github.dunwu.javatech.bean.lombok.BuilderDemo01.main(BuilderDemo01.java:22)

【示例】使用 @Builder 正确方法

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@Data
@Builder
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class BuilderDemo02 {

private String name;

public static void main(String[] args) throws JsonProcessingException {
BuilderDemo02 demo02 = BuilderDemo02.builder().name("demo01").build();
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(demo02);
BuilderDemo02 expectDemo02 = mapper.readValue(json, BuilderDemo02.class);
System.out.println(expectDemo02.toString());
}

}

@Data 注解和继承

使用 @Data 注解时,则有了 @EqualsAndHashCode 注解,那么就会在此类中存在 equals(Object other)hashCode() 方法,且不会使用父类的属性,这就导致了可能的问题。比如,有多个类有相同的部分属性,把它们定义到父类中,恰好 id(数据库主键)也在父类中,那么就会存在部分对象在比较时,它们并不相等,这是因为:lombok 自动生成的 equals(Object other)hashCode() 方法判定为相等,从而导致和预期不符。

修复此问题的方法很简单:

  • 使用 @Data 时,加上 @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper=true) 注解。
  • 使用 @Getter @Setter @ToString 代替 @Data 并且自定义 equals(Object other)hashCode() 方法。

【示例】测试 @Data@EqualsAndHashCode

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@Data
@ToString(exclude = "age")
@EqualsAndHashCode(exclude = { "age", "sex" })
public class Person {

protected String name;

protected Integer age;

protected String sex;

}

@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true, exclude = { "address", "city", "state", "zip" })
public class EqualsAndHashCodeDemo extends Person {

@NonNull
private String name;

@NonNull
private Gender gender;

private String ssn;

private String address;

private String city;

private String state;

private String zip;

public EqualsAndHashCodeDemo(@NonNull String name, @NonNull Gender gender) {
this.name = name;
this.gender = gender;
}

public EqualsAndHashCodeDemo(@NonNull String name, @NonNull Gender gender,
String ssn, String address, String city, String state, String zip) {
this.name = name;
this.gender = gender;
this.ssn = ssn;
this.address = address;
this.city = city;
this.state = state;
this.zip = zip;
}

public enum Gender {
Male,
Female
}

}

@Test
@DisplayName("测试 @EqualsAndHashCode")
public void testEqualsAndHashCodeDemo() {
EqualsAndHashCodeDemo demo1 =
new EqualsAndHashCodeDemo("name1", EqualsAndHashCodeDemo.Gender.Female, "ssn", "xxx", "xxx", "xxx", "xxx");
EqualsAndHashCodeDemo demo2 =
new EqualsAndHashCodeDemo("name1", EqualsAndHashCodeDemo.Gender.Female, "ssn", "ooo", "ooo", "ooo", "ooo");
Assertions.assertEquals(demo1, demo2);

Person person = new Person();
person.setName("张三");
person.setAge(20);
person.setSex("男");

Person person2 = new Person();
person2.setName("张三");
person2.setAge(18);
person2.setSex("男");

Person person3 = new Person();
person3.setName("李四");
person3.setAge(20);
person3.setSex("男");

Assertions.assertEquals(person2, person);
Assertions.assertNotEquals(person3, person);
}

上面的单元测试可以通过,但如果将 @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true, exclude = { "address", "city", "state", "zip" }) 注掉就会报错。

参考资料