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Elasticsearch CRUD

Elasticsearch CRUD

钝悟...大约 3 分钟数据库搜索引擎数据库elasticsearch数据库搜索引擎数据库elasticsearchcrud

Elasticsearch CRUD

概述

CRUD 由英文单词 Create, Read, Update, Delete 的首字母组成，即增删改查。

本文通过介绍基本的 Elasticsearch CRUD 方法，向读者呈现如何访问 Elasticsearch 数据。

CRUD 简介

Elasticsearch 的基本 CRUD 方式如下：

索引管理

创建索引

创建索引 users：

PUT users
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "name": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "age": {
        "type": "integer"
      },
      "message": {
        "type": "text"
      }
    }
  },
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 1,
    "number_of_replicas": 1
  }
}

响应结果：

{
  "acknowledged": true,
  "shards_acknowledged": true,
  "index": "users"
}
删除索引

删除索引 users：

DELETE users

响应结果：

{
  "acknowledged": true
}

新建文档

ES 提供了 Index APIopen in new window 来新建文档。ES 提供了两种创建文档的方式：

  • PUT /<index>/_create/<_id> - 指定 id，如果 _id 已存在，会报错
  • POST /<index>/_doc - 自动生成 _id
不指定 ID 新建文档

ES 会自动为新建的文档分片一个 UID。

POST /users/_doc
{
    "user" : "dunwu",
    "age" : 20,
    "message" : "learning Elasticsearch"
}

响应结果：

{
  "_index": "users",
  "_type": "_doc",
  "_id": "_JVCi5MBf44xQviy3tpW",
  "_version": 1,
  "result": "created",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "_seq_no": 1,
  "_primary_term": 1
}
指定 ID 新建文档
PUT users/_create/2
{
    "user" : "jason",
    "age" : 20,
    "message" : "learning Redis"
}

响应结果：

{
  "_index": "users",
  "_type": "_doc",
  "_id": "2",
  "_version": 1,
  "result": "created",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "_seq_no": 1,
  "_primary_term": 1
}

指定 ID 如果已经存在，返回报错。可以再执行一遍上面的指令，会得到类似下面的错误响应：

{
  "error": {
    "root_cause": [
      {
        "type": "version_conflict_engine_exception",
        "reason": "[2]: version conflict, document already exists (current version [1])",
        "index_uuid": "bkNSOG6RTEet3Q65ynCuBA",
        "shard": "0",
        "index": "users"
      }
    ],
    "type": "version_conflict_engine_exception",
    "reason": "[2]: version conflict, document already exists (current version [1])",
    "index_uuid": "bkNSOG6RTEet3Q65ynCuBA",
    "shard": "0",
    "index": "users"
  },
  "status": 409
}

删除文档

ES 提供了 Delete APIopen in new window 来删除文档。

指定 ID 删除文档
DELETE users/_doc/2

响应结果：

{
  "_index": "users",
  "_type": "_doc",
  "_id": "2",
  "_version": 2,
  "result": "deleted",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "_seq_no": 4,
  "_primary_term": 1
}

更新文档

ES 提供了 Update APIopen in new window 来更新文档。

指定 ID 查询
POST users/_update/_JVCi5MBf44xQviy3tpW
{
  "doc": {
    "message": "learning HBase"
  }
}

响应结果：

{
  "_index": "users",
  "_type": "_doc",
  "_id": "_JVCi5MBf44xQviy3tpW",
  "_version": 2,
  "result": "updated",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "_seq_no": 2,
  "_primary_term": 1
}

查询文档

ES 提供了 Get APIopen in new window 来指定 ID 查询文档。

指定 ID 查询
GET users/_doc/_JVCi5MBf44xQviy3tpW

响应结果：

{
  "_index": "users",
  "_type": "_doc",
  "_id": "_JVCi5MBf44xQviy3tpW",
  "_version": 2,
  "_seq_no": 2,
  "_primary_term": 1,
  "found": true,
  "_source": {
    "user": "dunwu",
    "age": 20,
    "message": "learning HBase"
  }
}

批量写

ES 提供了 Bulk APIopen in new window 来执行批量写操作。批量操作将多条操作合并为一次请求，大大提高了执行效率。Bulk API 支持 Index、Create、Update、Delete 四种操作。

批量操作

执行第 1 次：

POST _bulk
{ "index" : { "_index" : "test", "_id" : "1" } }
{ "field1" : "value1" }
{ "delete" : { "_index" : "test", "_id" : "2" } }
{ "create" : { "_index" : "test", "_id" : "3" } }
{ "field1" : "value3" }
{ "update" : {"_id" : "1", "_index" : "test"} }
{ "doc" : {"field2" : "value2"} }

响应结果：

{
  "took": 5436,
  "errors": false,
  "items": [
    // 略
  ]
}

执行第 2 次：

POST _bulk
{ "index" : { "_index" : "test", "_id" : "1" } }
{ "field1" : "value1" }
{ "delete" : { "_index" : "test", "_id" : "2" } }
{ "create" : { "_index" : "test", "_id" : "3" } }
{ "field1" : "value3" }
{ "update" : {"_id" : "1", "_index" : "test"} }
{ "doc" : {"field2" : "value2"} }

响应结果：

{
  "took": 1870,
  "errors": true,
  "items": [
    // 略
  ]
}

批量查

ES 提供了 Multi Get APIopen in new window 来执行批量指定 ID 查询操作。

批量查询
GET /_mget
{
  "docs": [
    {
      "_index": "users",
      "_id": "_JVCi5MBf44xQviy3tpW"
    },
    {
      "_index": "users",
      "_id": "2"
    }
  ]
}

响应结果：

{
  "docs": [
    {
      "_index": "users",
      "_type": "_doc",
      "_id": "_JVCi5MBf44xQviy3tpW",
      "_version": 2,
      "_seq_no": 2,
      "_primary_term": 1,
      "found": true,
      "_source": {
        "user": "dunwu",
        "age": 20,
        "message": "learning HBase"
      }
    },
    {
      "_index": "users",
      "_type": "_doc",
      "_id": "2",
      "_version": 1,
      "_seq_no": 3,
      "_primary_term": 1,
      "found": true,
      "_source": {
        "user": "jason",
        "age": 20,
        "message": "learning Redis"
      }
    }
  ]
}

参考资料

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